Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis sativa l. Cannabis sativa cannabis is among the earliest plants cultivated by man. But cannabis is prolific and the case is made that these may simply be. The cannabis sativa plant is a wonder of nature, a factory for brainaltering chemicals unlike any the world has ever seen. To achieve good results, a home grower must know about plant physiology. Arab physicians knew and used its diuretic, antiemetic, antiepileptic, anti. This book focuses on cannabis sativa, an especially tall and potent species of marijuana plant that true connoisseurs love not only for its smoke that induces a desire to create art and socialize with people, but also for the interesting challenges it presents to growers due to its size. An update hairy root culture as a biotechnological tool in c. For millennia, the plant has also been used for fiber, oil production, and simply as additive for food products. By 2027, its projected that the legal cannabis market in the u.
The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april. The fan leaves also help to distinguish between indica and sativa marijuana. Physiology of plants marijuana grow basics by jorge cervantes growing marijuana in rockwool. Today, the united nations council on drugs and crime lists cannabis sativa as the most widely used illicit drug in the world. Introduction to the multipurpose plant cannabis throughout the ages, cannabis has been extolled as one of mans greatest benefactors and cursed as one of his greatest scourges. Jun, 2018 plant physiology at first glance, the cannabis plant is a sight to behold. Only the marijuana plant sample should yield the expected band produced. Among several plant species, the present chapter has been focused on cannabis sativa l. Feb 04, 2016 cannabis sativa is a notorious recalcitrant plant to transformation, because the regeneration efficiencies are quite low and dependent upon the cultivar, tissue, plant age and growth regulator combination slusarkiewiczjarzina et al. Methods of forensic analysis, the identification of. Nakamura, forensic aspects of cystolith hairs of cannabis and other plants, journal of the aoac v52, 5, 1969. For millennia, the plant has also been used for fiber, oil production, and.
Five and sevenpointed pot leaves have adorned countless product ads and stacks of marketing materials, while pot porn, or page after page of macro photos of topshelf samples of the art, has graced the pages of popular. The day to day plant development and progression presented here, is more of an. The cannabis plant is incredibly complex, and each piece of its physiology plays an integral role in. This fastgrowing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multipurpose applications. The most plentiful is cannabis sativa, a tall plant that is grown throughout the world. Recent worldwide trends toward decriminalizing marijuana for medical use have increased legal use of the drug and recreational use remains high, making cannabis one of the. Cannibis for health physiology of the plant cannabis. Cannabis grows profusely in most regions of the world, and has been used for millennia to produce fiber and rope. Even high doses of oral cannabidiol do not cause thclike effects in humans. The biotechnology of cannabis sativa full text april, 2009 7. Conversely, the cannabis indica plant is known to cause more of a stoned or meditative feeling, possibly because of a higher cbd to thc ratio. Different plants of the genus cannabis contain different and often unpredictable concentrations of thc and other.
In this chapter, the priciples of plant physiology are discussed. The popularity of cannabis sativa may partly reflect its relative accessibility, versatility and ease of use, but is probably equally related to its long history of use as a food seeds and oils, recreational and ritual herb, and as a medicine that has attained the. Most cannabis consumers are fairly familiar with two parts of the cannabis plant. Biology, pharmacology, diagnosis, and treatment is the first book to take an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of cannabis use and misuse. Dark, wide leaves for indica and light green, lean slender fingers for sativas, is the rule of thumb.
The first evidence of the use of cannabis was found in china, where archeological and historical findings indicate that that plant was cultivated for fibers since 4. Cannabis can be detected by the successful production of the 197 bp pcr product linacre and thorpe, 1998. The plant cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, presents unique issues in our justice system, not the least of which is its identification both by law enforcement officers as well as forensic crime laboratories. Cannabinoid cb2 receptor mechanism of cannabis sativa l. Traditionally, three major classes have been recognized. Cannabis sativa has been employed for thousands of years, primarily as a source of a stem fiber both the plant and the fiber termed hemp and a resinous intoxicant the plant and its drug preparations commonly termed marijuana. Phytocannabinoids have also been discovered in plants from the genus radula liverworts and. Our customers always come first, whether youre looking for advice on concentrates or simply want help choosing a beautiful glass piece.
Armies and navies have used it to make war, men and women to make love. Methods of forensic analysis, in handbook of forensic drug analysis elsevier academic press, 2005 2 j. In this chapter, the principles of plant physiology are discussed. Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants that includes three different species, cannabis sativa, 2 cannabis indica and cannabis ruderalis. Plant physiology at first glance, the cannabis plant is a sight to behold. A unique plant source of 3 important types of products 1.
The stem of a cannabis plant, like that of any plant, runs through the center and is the starting point for each branch, leaf, and flower. Cannabidiol as a treatment for seizures, convulsions and epilepsy allergenicity to cannabis sativa l. Dec 28, 2017 it is believed that the cannabis plant originated in china more than 10,000 years ago, owing to a hemp cord that was found in pottery from an ancient village in modernday taiwan. Thus, this type of oil is used in different cannabis food because it typically has a high proportion of cannabinoids that range from 4080%. Characterization of medicinal properties of cannabis. Nakamura, the identification of marijuana, journal of forensic science society, v12, 461 1972. Interestingly, more than 2000 compounds are produced by pyrolysis during smoking of cannabis 10, 11 and they are represented by different classes of chemicals including nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, hydrocarbons, sugar. Marijuana use is common among patients with schizophrenia or depression. Studies of relationships among various groups of domesticated forms of the species and wildgrowing plants have led to conflicting. Cannabis is undoubtedly an herb that has been many things to many people.
Therefore, by introducing some concepts in plant anatomy and physiology, this chapter serves as a. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest medicinal plants used by humans. Click download or read online button to get cannabis sativa l botany and biotechnology book now. Cannabis sativa hemp, marijuana pfaf plant database. Unlike its competitor, the big book of buds, which only features 30 companies that pay to be included and over 20 pages of advertisements, this book is a true reflection of the. Discriminating the effects of cannabis sativa and cannabis. Evolution and classification of cannabis sativa marijuana.
This form is consumed most commonly, and contains 3. Plant physiology is the part of biology which is concerned with the way plants grow and flower. To evaluate the opinions of medical cannabis mc users on the effects of cannabis indica vs. Botany of cannabis cannabis is a genus of flowering plants within the hemp family. How technology is transforming the cannabis industry pcmag. Cannabis sativa l botany and biotechnology download ebook.
That will make it bigger than annual global sales for raw metals like nickel and silver put together. Upon further investigation, the bright colors and beautiful textures give way to an intricate network of fascinating components which collaborate to compose the miraculous plant. Cannabis project gutenberg selfpublishing ebooks read. Many people know that marijuana or cannabis is made up of dried, cured flowers, subtending leaves, and stems of the female cannabis plant. More importantly, the fan leaves act like the solar panels of the cannabis plant.
Phytocannabinoids have also been discovered in plants from the genus radula liverworts and helichrysum sunflower family 2. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Interestingly, more than 2000 compounds are produced by pyrolysis during smoking of cannabis 10, 11 and they are represented by different classes of chemicals including nitrogenous compounds, amino acids, hydrocarbons, sugar, terpenes and simple fatty acids. Cannabis sativa l botany and biotechnology download. It can be cultivated to produce large amounts of thc, the chemical that gives smokers the psychic effects they seek or it can be grown, as it has been for thousands of years as hemp, a.
Cannabis is the preferred designation of the plant cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and of minor significance, cannabis ruderalis. Handbook of cannabis and related pathologies 1st edition. Modern western scientific literature ignores their contribution on the subject. But there is a tremendous amount of variance between strains of the. Cannabis plants are classified into two main groups. Roots 4 have cytotoxic, antiinflammatory, antineoplastic, cardiovascular and mild analgesic activity and the lignans to have insecticidal effects. Nakamura, forensic aspects of cystolith hairs of cannabis and other plants, journal of the aoac v52, 5, 1969 marijuana. Unlike its competitor, the big book of buds, which features a mere thirty companies that pay to be included and over twenty pages of advertisements, this book is a true. Psychoactive substances used for religious rituals, medicine, recreation controversy about whether cannabis indica exists as a separate subspecies. Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica, and cannabis ruderalis. A twosided chisquare test followed by bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison and fisher exact test were used to determine. A compilation of selected articles from the journal of cannabis therapeutics. Pdf cannabis sativa download full pdf book download.
Language english format pdf pages 474 isbn 9783319545646 file size. The cannabis plant contains more than 421 chemicals of which 61 are cannabinoids 9, 10 figure 1. Five and sevenpointed pot leaves have adorned countless product ads and stacks of marketing materials, while pot porn, or page after page of macro photos of topshelf samples of the art, has graced the pages of popular marijuana magazines and websites for. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. The effects of cannabis are caused by chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 400 different cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol thc, allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body. Apr 18, 2020 the cannabis sativa plant is a wonder of nature, a factory for brainaltering chemicals unlike any the world has ever seen. Cannabaceae is one of the oldest sources of fiber, food and medicine. Apparent increase in biomass and seed productivity in hemp cannabis sativa resulting from branch proliferation caused by the european com borer ostrinia nubilalis. The plant cannabis sativa is known to cause more of a high by stimulating hunger and by producing a rather more comedic, or energetic feeling. The term marijuana is thought to be based on the portuguese word mariguango. The capitatestalked glandular trichomes of cannabis sativa cannabis, situated on the surfaces of the bracts of the female flowers, are the primary site for the biosynthesis and storage of resins rich in cannabinoids and terpenoids.
Cannabis production guide as the title indicates, this is only a guideline which can vary from day to day based on the strains grown, i. For millennia, the plant has also been used for fiber, oil. Cannabis sativa is a true resource for the cannabis community, providing useful information to enthusiasts and invaluable insights to the seedbuying and pot smoking public. Structural biochemistrymarijuana wikibooks, open books. A world tour of the healing and visionary powers of cannabis. Preface to achieve good results, a home grower must know about plant physiology. Not all strains and hybrids develop at the same pace. An overview by kalant,12 provides a historical context and an impression of deja vu, as the medical benefits of cannabis continue to be debated globally. Cannabis cannabis sativa, or hemp and its constituentsin particular the cannabinoidshave been the focus of extensive chemical and biological research for almost half a century since the discovery of the chemical structure of its major active constituent. Smaller, thin stems extend from the main stem at points called nodes and produce the famous fan leaves. Cannabis sativa is a remarkable plant containing many valuable natural components. It has been cultivated throughout the world and history for use as a food, fuel source, nutritional supplement, body care product, source of paper, building material, medicine, and in textiles small and marcus, 2002. Cannabis sativa, cannabis indica and cannabis ruderalis. The plants behavioral and psychotropic effects are attributed.
Cannabis is a genus of flowering plants within the hemp family. Cannabis sativa, volume 2 is a true resource for the cannabis community, providing useful information to enthusiasts and invaluable insights to the seedbuying public. Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana, is a plant grown all over the world, and has been in use for more than 10,000 years ago, during the stoneage. Clear choice is committed to being the most serviceoriented, knowledgeable and reliable provider of cannabis flower, hybrid, sativa, indica, as well as concentrates, vape cartridges, edibles, and wax in the tacoma, wa areaand beyond. The first documented use of the cannabis sativa plant was by emperor shen neng in 2737 b. Structural biochemistrymarijuana wikibooks, open books for. The botany of cannabis sativa before explaining the features of plant biotechnology, it is important to have an understanding about what parts of the plant may be genetically modified. A native of asia, cannabis has been naturalized and cultivated worldwide over thousands of years. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants.
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